Science

Density Calculator

Calculate density, mass, or volume using the physical formula ρ = m / V.

Reviewed & Maintained by

Aadil Malik — Software Engineer

1 min read · 23 words

What is a Density Calculator?

A density calculator computes density ($\rho$), mass ($m$), or volume ($V$) across solid, liquid, and gaseous materials.

Density is mass per unit volume of a substance: ρ = m / V.

Pure water has a density of 1.000 g/cm³ (or 1,000 kg/m³) at 4°C.

Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of water at 4°C (dimensionless).

Most substances expand when heated, increasing volume and decreasing density.

Ice has a crystalline structure that makes it less dense (~0.917 g/cm³) than liquid water (~1.00 g/cm³).

Osmium (22.59 g/cm³) and Iridium (22.56 g/cm³).

Use Archimedes' water displacement method to measure volume, then divide measured mass by displaced volume.

Bulk density includes the volume of void spaces and pores between particles (common in soil and powders).